Abnormal Psychology Critique

Changes in impediment level, in operation(p) status, and physical exertion of helpful devices by doddery(a) bulk with depressive symptoms. Dayao, Arveene L. BS Psychology II 01 Manila Tytana Colleges To be submitted to Ms. Sheila Laine Dela Paz Date submitted January 30, 2012 swindle This study sought to understand how functional status, impairment level, and use of assistive devices change over 3 eld for cured adults with depressive symptoms. I further explored factors that predict change in severity of depressive symptoms. During 3 years, participants go through ncreased physical disability, a decline in severity of depressive symptoms, and an increase in the total number of assistive devices owned. A significant number of older adults will run across a decrease in depressive symptoms over 3 years, despite an increase in physical disability. They also will obtain more assistive devices as they age. The specific discommode that stands out in the journal is relative to the various changes in impairment level, functional status and use of some suggested assistive devices that could be used by older people who suffer symptoms of slump. I do very much agree how the author ouched the subject and explained notion among the older people. There is nothing from the journal article that I disagree about. The points presented by the author about the foundation of this feeling of depression among the older people are true and satisfactory. The guerilla journal that I come, self-destruction In old Adults Nursing legal opinion Of Suicide by Linda Garand, PhD, APRN, BC, Ann M. Mitchell, PhD, RN, AHN, BC, Ann Dietrick, MSN, APRN, BC, Sophia P. Hijjawi, BSN, RN, and Di Pan, BSN, RN, is somewhat parallel to my first journal. This second article talks about suicide in older adults.It is being discussed here that suicide and try suicide is associated with depression, psychosis and substance abuse among younger individuals, yet among older adults, depress ion and co morbid wellness check conditions play main(prenominal) contributory uses. Same as what was being talked about in the first article. The issue that attracts my attention is on the prevalence of suicidal behaviors in older adults and lays a foundation for understanding the role of risk factors in the prevention of suicide. Just like in the first article, the issue focuses more on depression on older adults.It has been proven that the older adults are the one that easily get depress than the younger ones. Just as no single factor is universally causal, no single hitch will prevent all suicides. The multi-dimensionality of suicide presents great challenges, but also has important implications for prevention. Suicide in late life must be understood as a complex combination of interactive effects in which mood disorders take a central role. Our ability to more precisely get preventive interventions will hinge on a better understanding of those relationships. Until then, urses and others must be ready in the identification of older adults at risk for suicide. Subgroups of older adults at high risk for suicide include those with depressive illnesses, previous suicide attempts, physical illnesses, and those who are socially isolated. Therefore I can say, that major(ip) depression is the most common diagnosis in older adults (of both sexes) who attempt or be intimate suicide. This study used data from refilling Engineering Research Center on Aging Consumer Assessment Study, a longitudinal study of coping strategies of elders with disabilities.Seventy-three participants with depressive symptoms were interviewed at baseline and 3 years later. I conceive that the author used the most appropriate method because they have come about with good results. And thus, there is no other appropriate or suitable way to test the depressive symptoms of older people than having a study or conducting a survey on a rehabilitation center. For me, application through c onducting tests would be the best idea to prove whether the issue is correct or not. The journal article fully and clear explains what depression is all about that affects the lder people. It is notable that depression happens to some people more especially the old ones who are said to be prone to the disorder. Upon relating the topic to my course, such situation is under the field of subnormal Psychology. The field is of great importance to students taking up Psychology course like me who would desire to be the field of Clinical Psychology. As depression is common and could happen to everyone, this study is applicable to all. Through it, we shall have a clear idea of the appropriate way to do if ever we meet or experience a feeling of depression.Above all things, this will be a great help to me who would really like to be a successful Clinical Psychologist in the future. REFERENCES Mann, William C. , et al. Changes in impairment level, functional status, and use of assistive dev ices by older people with depressive symptoms. AJOT American journal of occupational Therapy62. 1 (2008) 9+. InfoTrac Custom one C Titles. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. Document URL http//find. galegroup. com/gtx/infomark. do? &source=gale&srcprod=SP00&prodId=SPJ. SP00&u serGroupName=phmtc&tabID=T002&docId=A208219498&type=retrieve&contentSet=IAC-Documents&version=1. 0 Agree, E. , & Freedman, V. (2003). A comparison of assistive technology and personal care in alleviating disability and unmet need. Gerontologist, 43, 335-344. American psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. ). 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The development, validity, and reliability of the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire. journal of Gerontology, 36, 428-434. Folstein, M. , Folstein, S. E. , & McHugh, P. (1975). Mini- amiable State A virtual(a) method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189- 198. Gilson, B. S. , Gilson, J. S. , Bergner, M. , Bobbit, R. A. , Kressel, S. , Pollard, W. E. , et al. (1975). The Sickness Impact Profile victimisation of an outcome measure of health care.American Journal of Public Health, 65, 1304-1325. Hamilton, B. , Granger, C. , Sherwin, F. , Zielenzy, M. , & Tashman, J. (1987). A uniform national data administration for medical rehabilitation. In M. Fuhrer (Ed. ), Rehabilitation outcomes Analysis and measurement (pp. 137-147). Baltimore Paul H. Brookes. Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurologic Neurosurgical Psychiatry, 23, 56-62. Hoenig, H. , Taylor, D. , & Sloan, F. (2003). Does assistive technology substitute for personal assistance among the disabled elderly? American Journal of Public Health, 93, 330-337.Kruskal, W. , & Wallis, W. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47, 583-621. Lebowitz, B. , Pearson, J. , Schneider, L. , Reynolds, C. , Alexopoulos, G . , Bruce, M. , et al. (1997). Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late life. Journal of the American Medical Association, 278, 1186-1190. Lenze, E. , Schulz, R. , Matire, L. , Zdaniuk, B. , Glass, T. , Kop, W. , et al. (2005). The course of functional decline in older people with persistently elevated depressive symptoms Longitudinal findings from the cardiovascular health study.Journal of the American Geriatric alliance, 53, 569-575. Lubin, B. (1967). manual for the feeling Adjective Check Lists. San Diego, CA Educational and Industrial Testing Service. Mann, W. , Llanes, C. , Justiss, M. , & Tomita, M. (2004). Frail older adults self-report of their most important assistive device. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research Occupation, Participation, and Health, 24, 4-12. Mann, W. , Ottenbacher, K. , Fraas, L. , Tomita, M. , Granger, C. (1999). Effectiveness of assistive technology and environmental interventions in maintaining independence and reducing home care costs fo r the frail elderly.Archives of Family Medicine, 8, 210-217. Noel, P. , Williams, J. , Unutzer, J. , Worchel, J. , Lee, S. , Cornell, J. , et al. (2004). Depression and comorbid illness in elderly uncomplicated care patients Impact on multiple domains of health status and well-being. Annals of Family Medicine, 2, 555-562. Ottenbacher, K. , Mann, W. , Granger, C. , Tomita, M. , Hurren, D. , Charvat, B. (1994). Inter- rater agreement and stability of functional assessment in the community-based elderly. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75, 1297-1301. Pollak, N. , Rheult, W. , Stoecker, J. 1996). Reliability and validity of the FIM for persons aged 80 years and above from a multilevel continuing care retirement community. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 77, 1056-1061. Pollard, W. , Bobbitt, R. , Bergner, M. , Martin, D. , Gilson, B. (1976). The Sickness Impact Profile Reliability of a health status measure. Medical Care, 14, 146-155. Pollock, B. , Reynolds, C. (2000). Depression late in life. Harvard Mental Health Letter, 17, 3-5. Pollock, B. , Weksler, M. (2000). Clinical update How to recognize and treat depression in older persons.Geriatrics, 55, 67-7 . Raccio-Robak, N. , McErlean, M. , Fabacher, D. , Milano, P. , Verdile, V. (2002). socioeconomic and health status differences between depressed and non-depressed elders. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 20, 71-73. Radloff, L. (1977). The CES-D scale A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401. Radloff, L. , Locke, B. (Eds. ). (1986). The community mental health assessment survey and the CES-D scale. In M. M. Weissman, J. K. Myers, C. E. Ross (Eds. , Community surveys of psychiatric disorders (pp. 177-189). Piscataway, NJ Rutgers University Press. Raskin, A. , Schulterbrandt, J. , Reatig, N. , McKeon, J. (1969). Replication of factors of psychopathology in interview, ward behavior, and sel f-report ratings of hospitalized depressives. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 148, 87-96. Roelands, M. , Van Oost, P. , Buysse, A. , Depoorter, A. (2002). Awareness among community- dwelling elderly of assistive devices for mobility and self-care and attitudes towards their use. Social Science and Medicine, 54, 1441-1451.Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Middletown, CT Wesleyan University Press. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institute of Mental Health. (1994). Mental health A report of the Surgeon cosmopolitan Executive summary Chapter 5Depression in older adults. Rockville, MD Authors. Retrieved February 13, 2003, from http//mentalhealth. org/features/surgeongeneralreport/chapter5/sec3. asp Schiller, J. , & Bernadel, L. (2004). Summary health statistics for the U. S. opulation National Health Interview Survey, 2002. Vital Health Statistics, 10(220) 1-101. Tomita, M. , Mann, W. , & Fraas, L. (2004). Predictors of the use of assistive devices that address physical impairments among community-based frail elders. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 23, 141-155. Verbrugge, L. , & Sevak, P. (2002). Use, type, and efficacy of assistance for disability. Journals of Gerontology Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B, S366-S37 . Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York Psychological Corporation.Westfall, P. , Young, S. (1993). Resampling-based multiple testing Examples and methods for p-value adjustment. New York Wiley. Wilcoxon, F. (1945). Individual comparisons by rank methods. Biometrics, 1, 80-83. William C. Mann, OTR, PhD, is Chairperson and Distinguished Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100164, Gainesville, FL 32610-0164 emailprotected ufl. edu Jessica L. Johnson, MA, OTR/L, is Research Assistant, RERC-Tech-Aging, Rehabilitation Science Doctoral Program, U niversity of Florida, Gainesville.Lisa G. Lynch, MHS, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist and Owner, Creative Therapy Works, Inc. , Lake Worth, FL. Michael D. Justiss, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis. Machiko Tomita, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Samuel S. Wu, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, University of Florida, Gainesville.

Are organizations rational Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Are musical arrangements rational - Essay Example490). Efficiency itself is a fundamental necessity of an nerve both for the top management and the organizational workers. The theory of administration is concerned with how an organization should be constructed to bring through its work efficiently (Davis, 1996).There be two important elements in a rational organization i.e. goals specificity, and formalization. Specificity of goals establishes eitherocation of resources by laying out rules and regulations for specific activities so that they fuck be accomplished in a regulated manner. Formalization, on the other hand, is a strategy of standardizing behavior of the organizational personnel. If these two elements are present in an organization, top management can form stable expectations from the organizational personnel and a rational organizational system comes into being. Dr. Frederick Winslow Taylor tried to rationalize organizational personnel by analyzing the ways in which the amount of output can be maximized with the minimal use of resources (Montemurro, n.d., p. 2). several(prenominal) ways in which this can be achieved include distribution of work responsibilities between workers and managers, establishment of incentive system on the behind of performance, scientific training of workers, development of science for the responsibilities of each worker, and timely achievement of goals on the part of all workers. Taylor thinks that if the efficiency of the organizational personnel is increased in the scientific manger, this would not just increase opportunities for them to pay off more work, but would also play a role in improving the quality of life. Some problems that surface out of scientific management include workers tendency to rebel against the mundaneness in a convertible system, and workers tendency to reject the incentive system because of the need to show optimal productivity

The commercial invoice; the pro forma invoice Assignment

The commercial invoice the pro forma invoice - Assignment ExampleQuestion 2 The amount of essay that a business lead bear impart depend on whether the business is the importer or the exporter, as well as the ill-tempered incoterms that are involved on a particular transaction. For instance, if the business is an importer, the business will incur the least risk if the incoterm being used is CIF, because this will live the least risk (William, 2009). This is because the seller (exporter) will urinate to take care of the goods on their way not only to the destination port but every last(predicate) the way to the inland destination of the buyer. This includes buying the redress for the goods as they are on transit. As a result, this means two important things to the buyer, who is the importer. First, is that there is no risk of the goods on transit that the importer will piss to bear incase the risk materializes. Second is that even if the risk was to materialize, the importer would be protected because the insurance will pay off the losses. The importance of Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination) is that incase the goods are lost or damaged and the seller was not in a position to compensate the buyer, the buyer doesnt have to incur the loss because the insurance will pay for the goods. ... The fact that the process by which the US establishment uses to create money and value for the same money is faulty and needs to be changed is not debatable. However, as Maxwell (2009) says, it can only be hoped that the new technology that is eliminating the issuance of printed money will do work part of this problem. However, this is a problem that will need to be solved and a better appliance be put in place to avoid the problem that fiat currency is causing. This as McGregory (2009) says, is pass to be one of the main things that will have to be solved in the twenty-first millenary for the world economy to succeed. Question 4 dispel i FOB Fre e on mount to a named port of shipment This incoterm makes sure that the risk of the goods is shared between the two sides of the deal. The buyer assumes the risk after the goods have been loaded for shipping, while the seller assumes the risk of the goods only until the goods have been loaded for shipping. Part ii CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight to a named port of destination This incoterm puts wholly obligation, both transport and insurance of the goods in transit to the seller and makes sure that the buyer is fully protected from any risk or obligation. Part iii CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight to a named port of destination Same as above, the exporter assumes all risks and costs for shipping the goods. Part IV EXW Ex Works to a named place of delivery. This incoterm minimizes the obligation of the exporter so that the exporter only has insurance and freight costs only up to the point where the goods are loaded at the port of export. The buyer has to know how to get the goods from the sellers premises and decide on whether they lack to

Women study written project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women study written put - Essay ExampleStill, they find chores for themselves because of the awareness brought to them by the feminist theories. They want to come out of the elbow grease of their houses to work at par with men. But, they have to face harassment by men, which decreases their job performance and job satisfaction. They are forced to do as the employer says or are forced to face adverse caboodle if they refuse. For example, minority women suffer from inner harassment because they belong to minority groups. Hence, they face double jeopardy, as effect by Berdahl and Moore (426) in their research. They assert that Women experienced more sexual harassment than men, minorities experienced more cultural harassment than Whites, and minority women experienced more harassment overall than majority men, minority men, and majority women (Berdahl and Moore 426). Hence, sexual harassment is one of the biggest problems that women face at the workplace.Domestic or spousal abuse is defined as the abuse in which one spouse makes his counterpart undergo physical or mental mistreatment so that he may demonstrate his influence and authority. Women are prone to domestic help violence than men. It is hard for women to destroy domestic violence once it starts. Men maltreat their wives to satisfy their pride, and also act loving at times to keep the latter stay in the relationship so as to give the word picture that they have improved, which does not happen. Eventually, the frustration leads to hatred and rebellion developing within the women. Domestic violence is a form of gender violence (Berdahl and Moore 260), and it leads to stark mental problems and emotional breakdowns due to which the women may plan to evacuate or kill their partners. Divorce rates are also on the rise, and one of the main reasons for this is domestic violence. If the couple has children, domestic

The World System Since 1500 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The World dodging Since 1500 - Essay ExampleMilitary had consumed around a quarter of the Gross National Products share and the cerebrate from production of consumer goods and investment in the civilian sector declined more and more as the time progressed. In 1985 Soviet Unions growth rate had approached to almost zero, the currency experienced a major f alone, adding more to the departmenticular that the petroleum prices slide. To end the turmoil Mikhail Gorbachev reached concessions with the United States and started to back out by informing that they are no more interested in intervening the affairs of the allied states in Eastern Europe and besides withdrew their forces from Afghanistan. And finally, in 1989, George H.W. Bush announced that the cold war era has finally reached an end. And later in that course USSR broke into fifteen different independent states.The problem or the so called sovereignty of the states is protected by the nations acts of advancements and defens e of their interests at the expense of all the other nations. And thus internationalist lawfulness has always been try to protect the military personnel from this menace of war. But so far, it is bad to see that the outside(a) Law has failed to continue the world from this injustice that has been the characteristic of each and every war that has taken place and the role of International law has also remain limited in influencing the actions of these independent states. In fact, the states themselves have negatively secondhand the use of International Law for their own self purposes. International law has some problems not with its field of study or lack of awareness, but it lacks in the enforcement area it is unflustered unable to make sure all the time whether states are complying with their agreements that they have made and are not simply backing out or neglecting the terms as they see fit. However, its role is not at all dead but it still plays a role in the decision ma king of the states but so far influence is good less. International law contains the series of agreements that are meant to codify and enforce the code of conduct and ethics indispensable for the interaction amongst the states, which has been approved by the varying members of the world community. From the statement it can be inferred that International Law itself is not imposed on different parties i.e. the nations, but they themselves voluntarily agree to be a part of it. It is important to evaluate whether over the years the International Law has remained successful and has been able to serve the purposes to the abundant extent or not. According to liberals, International Law has been serving well enough to strive towards the interchangeable benefit of all the involved parties. Constructivists argue that the interests and the identities of the states are mutually constitutive leading to the possibility that International Law achieves the mutual benefits for all simultaneously . However, liberals and constructivist still do not provide any solid motive for why states interact with one another well enough. These theories have so far undermined the individual spirit of self interest and has let them open to pursue their self interest and thus states act in their best interest despite the fact that the International Law sees that the states should see the interests as one world wide common

The executive branch of state government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The executive branch of state government - Essay ExampleThe public elects the president to answer a term of four years after which he can be reappointed to power again, (Brannen & Baker, 2005). The presidential position term is renewable once through reappointment. The executive ensures that the national laws implemented and enforced, (Ferguson, 2006). This is done in order to ensure that the daily responsibilities of the federal government are carried out smoothly. These responsibilities include collecting of taxes, representing the semipolitical and the economic chases of United States to the world and safeguarding the affair of the nation within its borders. The president enacts and implements the legislative laws. The president in akin manner bargains contracts, and he headwords the armed forces and the state. Legislature The congress also labeled as the legislature comprises of the senate and the members of the house. The senate comprises of two legislators from wholly th e states and the assembly involves the two houses. Similarly, the senate consists of about one hundred senate members, each state with two representatives, and the public appoints the senate members from their states. They function for the period of six years after which can be reelected for another six-year term. The nations ally president heads the congress, (Gershman, 2008). However, he is not expected to vote unless in a special case like when a tie between two powers occurs. The senate also has the duty of approving the presidential nomination to the footlocker as well as other related posts.... The senate should rectify the contracts made by the government by approximately two-thirds approval votes. The representative body consists of state representatives from various regions. The population they represent from their respective states determines these representatives. Presently, in that location are about 436 house members. The increasingly dwell states give more represe ntatives to the legislature that the scarcely populated states. The representatives are appointed by the public to rule for a term of two years, and the representatives appoints the speaker of the house. The critical role of the legislative department is to make state laws, by first drafting the law and later(prenominal) discussing it, (Hall & McGuire, 2005). The congress votes whereby by if the law is voted in by at least two thirds, is adopted as law for the nation upon approval by the president. The judiciary The judiciary entails the Central Court of the US (that head the judiciary) and minor national courts, (Garcia, 2003). The difficult cases from the legislative department are taken to the judiciary for hearing. The body rules whether a case is legal from the constitution or not. The president chose such justices and the senate approves them. The power of the Supreme Court is concluding and thus cannot be challenged by any court. Theories Collective action This theory expl ains how people can sustain to over social dilemmas they face. Collective action hypothesis suggests that people have the power to discern cooperation value and social rules. This is a shift from the normal capacity of a human being, in which he exhibits self- interest and short-term benefits. This extends the accomplishment of the collective action. However, the solidarity attitude can be eliminated if

Black Power Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

stern Power Movement - Essay ExampleIt is not possible to comprehend the reason for the formation of the BPP or attempt to explain its violent tendencies without first examining the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s and the specific events jumper lead up to its establishment. This discussion will give a brief synopsis of those historic events and the people that primed(p) the foundation for the forming of the BPP provide an overview of the party and then delve more deeply into the inner-workings of the face. Malcolm X (Little) became a mightily speaker in the movement and became more important to the cause by his death than he was in life. As Martin Luther fagot had secured the character of the Southern black, Malcolm had become the messiah of city slums in the North, Midwest and West. The semi-militant makeup he headed, the Nation, grew quickly under his leadership. Malcolm was most remembered for his passionate anti-white speeches. This was an idea that was emulat ed by other pro-autonomy organizations. He was the channelize of many death threats, one of which, in 1965, was successful. Soon after Malcolms death, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale began forming the contraband panthers (Black jaguar Party, 2011). The South was the epicenter for the civil rights movement but racial problems had no regional boundaries. As blacks in the south were working to eradicate segregation, blacks in places such as Chicago, Detroit and Oakland were engaged in their own iron for equal treatment. By the mid-1960s hostility between Oaklands black community and the police, a yen and ever escalating problem, had reached its apex. Because blacks, being seemingly constantly under an increasing intimidation by the police, Newton and Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in October 1966. The pair had been intensely influenced by the teachings of Malcolm X and structured the organization similar to the Black Muslim program except with no pretenses of religious practice. In contrast to Martin Luther Kings methods and teachings of nonviolent protest, the BPP claimed that they needed to equip themselves with weapons for use as self-defense against police brutality. Arming the class did provide the intended protection but, predictably, led to confrontations with the police that often times concluded with a blinking(a) altercation. The Panthers also volunteered their time and efforts performing various activities that helped people in the community. The group made the rounds throughout neighborhoods in Oakland carrying arms, recorders, and various books so as to teach black history, counsel welfare recipients, and effectively protest shoot evictions through the court system. The Panthers could be easily distinguished by their uniform dress of black jackets, boxers and berets with blue shirts (Jones, 2000). In 1967, Eldridge meat cleaver joined the Black Panther Party. At the time, Cleaver was working as a writer for Ramparts mag azine and was the creator of Black House, a political organization in San Francisco. Cleaver served as the Panthers minister of information. In this position he was in charge of the publication of the Black Panther newspaper. On April 25, 1967, the first issue of the paper was published and